The psychological impact of paediatric burn injuries: a systematic review

Alix Woolard¹, Nicole Hill¹, Matthew McQueen¹, Lisa Martin^2,4, Helen Milroy², Fiona Wood³, Indijah Bullman¹, Rigel Paciente¹, Ashleigh Lin^1,2,
¹Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
²University of Western Australia, Crawley , WA, Australia
³Fiona Wood Foundation, Murdoch, WA, Australia
⁴Perth Children’s Hospital , Nedlands, WA, Australia

Abstract

Objective: To review and synthesise quantitative and qualitative literature regarding the psychological outcomes following paediatric burn injuries, and to determine if children and adolescents who experience a burn injury have elevated risk of psychopathology following the injury.
Design: Systematic review of quantitative and qualitative studies.
Data sources: Informit Health, Medline, Embase, and PsycINFO were searched from January 2010 to December 2020.
Data extraction and synthesis: Two reviewers screened articles, and one reviewer extracted data (with cross-checking from another reviewer) from the included studies and assessed quality using an established tool. Narrative synthesis was used to synthesise the findings from the quantitative studies, and thematic synthesis was used to synthesise the findings of included qualitative studies.
Results: Searches yielded 1240 unique titles, with 130 retained for full-text screening. Forty-five studies from 17 countries were included. The psychological outcomes included in the studies were mental health diagnoses, medication for mental illness, depression, anxiety, stress, fear, post-traumatic stress, post-traumatic growth, emotional issues, self-harm, self-esteem, self-concept, stigmatisation, quality of life, level of disability, resilience, coping, and suicidality.
Conclusions: Our findings highlight paediatric burn patients as a particularly vulnerable population following a burn injury. Studies suggest elevated anxiety and traumatic stress symptoms, and higher rates of psychopathology in the long-term. Further research is recommended to determine the psychological outcomes in the other mental health domains highlighted in this review, as findings were mixed. Clinical care teams responsible for the aftercare of burn patients should involve psychological support for the children and families to improve outcomes.

Biography

Rigel is currently a research assistant for the Childhood Trauma group at the Telethon Kids Institute. They hold a Bachelor of Science in Anatomy and Human Biology, and a Master of Public Health in Applied Public Health and Public Health Methodology. They are passionate about youth mental health and mental health service accessibility particularly for marginalised groups. Their initial research experience is in suicide prevention service accessibility for LGBTQA+ young people, but have a keen interest to explore other facets of youth mental health.